Medical development and research

Cure for cancer a distant goal?

Cancer is a deadly disease that can affect anyone, regardless of gender, age or social status. Furthermore, cancer can develop in any part of the body. It is estimated that one in three people will get sick with cancer during their lifetime. Only in 2004, cancer has caused the deaths of 7.4 million people. Scientifically speaking, the cancer involves the emergence of modified cells that reproduce uncontrollably and end to invade and destroy neighboring tissues. Currently, cancer is still in the initial phase. Invested huge sums in research make relatively modest. Chemotherapy is just one of the methods of treatment used in fighting cancer with radiotherapy and surgery. Chemotherapy involves the administration of drugs (chemicals) that kill cancer cells. But each type requires a different type of cancer treatment. Therefore, it is not possible to create a drug to combat all types of cancer. Producing a new drug is a long process and complicat.Testările in humans are complicated by the difficulty of measuring the long term, potential drug effects on health.

Myocardial infarction - Simply explained

We have all heard of the word, heart, and I'm pretty sure that most associate with my heart that it is a serious condition. By definition, however, the term refers not only heart to heart, but any organ. Any body needs blood, which he gets through the arteries, and these in turn are divided into branches becoming smaller, so that each cell come into contact with oxygen and nutrients to the blood . If in certain situations, at least one of the arteries which pump blood into an organ is completely blocked when a certain region of the body will no longer receive blood, and cells die. And so we can speak of myocardial infarction (heart), kidney, spleen, lung, bowel (intestine organ s), etc.În this article we will talk only about the heart attack because he is the most important cause of death by a single disease in the population in industrialized countries. The heart is an organ composed of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. Venous blood reaches the right atrium, oxygen-free, the entire body. From here go right ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary artery in the lungs to be oxygenated. From the lungs through four pulmonary veins, the blood reaches the left atrium, then into the left ventricle where it is pumped through the aorta throughout the body. It is obvious that the heart needs oxygen and nutrients and for this to work, drawn from the aorta two coronary arteries, right and left, who will head to heart on its surface. The right-especially without the right blood to the heart and the left is divided into two main branches, circumflex and anterior descending, and especially to bring blood to the left heart. Blocking a branch of coronary heart will. But why the coronary arteries become blocked? What could be the cause? Well, not blocked coronary aterele quite so suddenly. As we get older because of genetic predisposition, food inadequate (in fat), a sedentary lifestyle (no exercise), smoking, high blood pressure, fat can be deposited in the wall of blood vessels. As will deposit more fat, with both arteries will thicken more, leaving less space for blood flow. This does not cause heart attacks, but only a reduction of blood flow at rest that is not felt. In certain circumstances, but when the heart needs more blood (exercise, cold) by the blocked artery can not this happen, more blood flow. And the person affected will feel a pain behind the sternum, with a claw character, sfasaiere which specifically irradiates the shoulders, left arm up in the last two fingers, and will cease to stop the effort. This condition is called stable angina pectoris "and is the sign that there is a coronary artery plaque (fat). This board, however, at a time because of mechanical forces exerted by blood flow or because of their size too large, it may crack or break. At this point, the same reactions take place when we cut the skin and form a clot of blood, will form a clot (so called clot that forms inside the blood vessels) which will completely block the artery, causing heart attacks. The patient will feel a greater pain intensity than that in angina pectoris and the rest will not disappear. This mechanism is most frequently a heart attack, but there are other causes, but are very rare and I will not mention here. Now, depending on the size of the blocked vessel, heart can be serious or less serious. It is necessary for the patient to be treated as soon as possible to save the remaining cells without oxygen. And the first act is to be given the treatment the patient an aspirin (which has the effect of preventing the cells to form aggregates and thrombus) and some substances that act to dissolve the already formed thrombus. This needs to happen but in the first six hours after onset of stroke, after this time is too late and infarcted area were completely removed from service. Under certain conditions, when the heart is accompanied by complications (eg rhythm disturbances that cause the heart to contract too quickly and weak), it can even be fatal. Many people can survive, but have a very high risk in the future to make good a second or third stroke. This disease, as do many others, is more important to be prevented. And to this end we must consider and avoid risk factors (smoking, inactivity, obesity). Because the effects of these factors are not felt in short intervals, but longer intervals, you may be too late and the quality of life will be very much worse.

Successful therapy in treating breast and colon cancer

Breast and colon cancers are among the most numerous malignant diseases. Is it possible to improve the treatment results in changes in dosage and administration of new drugs? Increasingly more often achieved by preserving breast surgery if they were not affected lymph nodes. Today it manages its performance in eight of 10 cases, a success rate three times higher now than 25 years. In case of damage to the lymph nodes, a current study shows concrete evidence of the benefits of individualized chemotherapy laboratory results opposite of standardized chemotherapy. A notable success for the team of researchers was the discovery that the survival rate for patients until after menopause increases when patients receive surgery, chemotherapy instead of a combined anti-hormonal treatment. Therapy "Switch" in 2004 presented a new concept for therapy of breast cancer hormonal causes: if after surgery and standard therapy after a so-called antiostrogen patients receiving the aromatase inhibitor, reduces tumor recurrence by 38%. Many patients suffering the side effect of treatment of bone atrophy. His prescription of a drug against dovedt that can prevent osteoporosis apartitia these side effects. It was also shown that this drug increases the survival rate for breast cancer patients younger and also decreases the rate of recidivism. Currently investigating the creation of an antibody has to be a modern alternative Bisphosphonaten site. In 2005 it was shown that the incidence of recurrence in breast cancer declines by 36% after surgery if treatment is extended to 8 years. In colon cancer, all patients are afraid of an anus against nature. But it could prove that over 90% of patients can save sphincter. Treatment is tailored to the length and size parameters of the tumor. He is currently carrying out a pilot project to investigate the impact of sport on patients with colon cancer. About 20,000 patients participating in clinical research studies showing a high degree of trust from the center. The most important advantage enjoyed by the participants are patients specialized supervision and access to the latest drugs and treatment concepts.

What is cancer?

Cancer generic name covers a multitude of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and differentiation. Without treatment, this process generally result in patient death. Every year throughout the world registered some seven million new cancer cases. It is estimated that deaths from cancer will be the main cause of death in industrialized countries, the incidence (number of new cases over a period of time) and prevalence (total cases) the disease is increasing. Although always find new treatments that are based on innovative mechanisms of action, medical needs in this area remain immense. New trends in cancer treatment follows the pattern of antiviral drugs and antibiotics, as combined therapy against very specific targets could improve the therapeutic outcome. To the leader in cancer drugs, Roche is strongly involved in the discovery of new effective drugs for treating various cancers. Cancer can be diagnosed through several methods, among which we mention:
* Microscopic examination of a smear of blood (CBC)
* Determination of proteins and immunoglobulins (antibodies) in the blood
* Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
* Identification of viral infections (viral serology)
* Microscopic examination of a sample of tissue from a lymph node
* Examination of samples of internal organs or bone marrow (biopsy)
* Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (lumbar puncture)
* Direct visualization of the interior abdominal organs (endoscopy)
* Consideration of chromosomes cytogenetic (chromosomal anomaly detection method using a fluorescent microscope)
* Ultrasound imaging, computed tomography or magnetic resonance
Modern immunodiagnostic techniques using antibodies specific feedback to accurately identify cancerous cells. These tests make it possible to evaluate the success of a particular drug therapy, thereby improving the chances of cure.